Muscle fatigue -
muscular Fatyjo
Use the word fatigue fatigue in several sciences, including medical science and minerals (which fails to handle the pressure of metal), and Psychology (and is the natural defensive reaction of the membership in order to maintain them).
Muscular fatigue muscular fatigueIs a state of exhaustion that follows pursuant stressful sports or exercise heavily, and raises the desire to rest and stop working. As can be the case back to satisfactory reasons.
Skeletal muscles account for about 40% of body weight, which is responsible for the various physical events (physical) carried out by an individual, a planned voluntary muscles. Activated these muscles mediated motor nerve fibers of the alpha a pattern supplied by them.
Consists skeletal muscle of a group of packages of muscle fibers, and include all package of muscle fibers, and each composed muscle fiber of several hundred small units called interfibrillar which include strings protein in the process of contraction are clues Almiosen (Aladilan) myosine and actin actin.
Inotropic mechanism
Inotropic according to the following stages:
1 Atfl motor nerve المعصب muscle under the influence usually will, and activation spreads along the nerve until the end supplied the muscle fibers.
2 secrete ends this material nerve chemical acetylcholine [t] which is a neurotransmitter.
3 linked molecules of acetylcholine on specific placements of membrane muscle fiber called receptors receptors, which leads to a result changes in the permeability of the membrane for ions ions resulting in changes in the polar membrane muscle fiber called hard act action potential, spreading action potential along the membrane muscle fiber, and also to the depth of the fiber to cause liberation of calcium ions from the network muscle Alhjulih, Vidhaaf so the concentration of these ions in the sarcoplasmic.
Figure (2) muscular Allyev in state of relaxation (a), in the case of contraction (b). Notes overlapping actin filaments (high horizontal) between threads Almiosen (relatively broad and horizontal container on short vertical lines), and noted the short distance between two successive linear Z in the case of contraction compared with the state of relaxation (resting state).
4 linked to calcium ions at specific positions in the actin filaments, Vtaatfl process of attracting the actin filaments between strings Almiosen Vtaatqasr so Myofibrellar, Valliv, then the whole muscle, This Altqasr requires (shrinking) energy received from the hydrolysis triphosphatase ATP
5 back calcium ions to the network Alhjulih muscle after a stop activating muscle, requires exchange amount of energy are also of hydrolysis triphosphatase, also dating polar membrane muscle fiber to a pre-activation goes back along the muscle fiber to normal any to state of relaxation .
Energy sources in skeletal muscle
Both contraction and relaxation Aledliyn are Msthlktan processes of energy, given that energy from several sources:
1 Alvesvajan: which includes:
Triphosphatase ATP which is the main source of energy in the muscle, which produces energy from Helmhth liberation and an adenosine diphosphate ADP. Stock can muscle triphosphatase to provide the muscle power for three seconds during the exercise gravis when adult.
Alvesvuken: who abandons his energy to reshape triphosphatase from adenosine diphosphate, and content can muscle Alvesvuken that meets the needs of the muscles of the energy for about six seconds during the implementation of severe muscular exercise.
2 anaerobic oxidation of glycogen: an estimated content of skeletal muscle glycogen at an average of 300 grams. These muscles to get the necessary energy to shrink and relax Aledliyn of glycogen without oxygen consumption, which is called oxidation anaerobic glycogen, a mechanism quick but yielding weak, and this mechanism can meet the needs of skeletal muscles for one minute during exercise gravis, but quickly stop as a result of the accumulation of metabolites resulting in a muscle lactic acid (lactic acid) Lactic acid.
3 aerobic oxidation of glycogen and fatty acids: extend this mechanism muscle power for a long period of time, which requires oxygen, and they have a high payoff compared with the anaerobic oxidation of glycogen (generator dextrose). Stock can muscle glycogen that meets the requirements of the skeletal muscles of power for four or five hours of exercise gravis and longevity, and ensure fat stores in the body to meet the needs of the body of energy needed for contraction and relax Aledliyn several weeks
Figure (3) the relative importance of anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of glycogen in the energy supply needed for athletic race depending on the distance of the race. Notes from the shape that anaerobic oxidation responsible for providing most of the energy needed for short distances (1500 meters), and the importance of aerobic oxidation of glycogen in the power supply shall ensure the longer race distances.
Vary the importance of energy sources mentioned above depending on the severity of exercise muscular practitioner and duration, in exercises fast that do not normally takes only a few seconds (Jerry 100 meters, jumped, lifting weights, diving) is here Alvesvajan power source president, while the post oxidation anaerobic glycogen in supply muscle power necessary for its mission in muscle exercises that you need about one minute. In exercises muscle which takes more time Vtkon post oxidation air of glycogen in the supply of energy for muscles indispensable, and can then run out of stock of muscle glycogen to rely muscles in order to get energy to oxidize fatty acids in order to continue its activity, also constitute a mechanism main source in access to energy during exercise muscular mild or moderate intensity. Can, in exceptional cases to resort muscles in order to get power to the oxidation of proteins and muscle after running out of energy sources any previous glycogen and fatty acids.
Noteworthy that Alvesvajan is primarily responsible for the energy supply necessary for very short-distance race (less than 400 meters).
Physiological mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon of fatigue and change the constants:
Confirmed the role of mechanisms physiological (functional) in a case of fatigue when exercising work overwrought or exercise muscle exhausted, and in principle can be any defect that occurs to the mechanisms inotropic from the moment of activation nerve المعصب muscle until the moment of sliding actin filaments between strings Almiosen (a Altqasr muscle) that causes a deficiency or a deficit in the functionality of the skeletal muscles, but the most important physiological mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon of fatigue are:
Accumulation of lactic acid as a result of oxidation anaerobic glycogen during exercise extreme, reduces this acid pH pH sarcoplasmic and discourage thus enzymes responsible for glycolysis glycolysis, and must in this case of ridding the body of this acid and be converting in the level of the liver to pyruvate and then to Glucose can be attributed to the muscles involved in building muscle glycogen. The body needs to get rid of the accumulated lactic acid to a period of time ranging from minutes to hours depending on the severity of muscular effort practitioner. Contribute acidosis acidosis resulting from low blood pH pH at the level of the brain in a feeling of fatigue.
Stock-outs muscle of glycogen: a glycogen source energy-president in the muscles, and lead depletion to the lack of a mechanism inotropic, and usually required for restoration stock muscle of glycogen after exercise muscular severe for about almost two days, knowing that together sugar in the blood fall also impact exercise strained.
Respiratory failure and respiratory failure to meet the needs of the growing body of oxygen during exercise or effort gravis, may be particularly at people is a major cause of limiting trainees from the continuation of this exercise.
High internal body temperature to 40 or a little more under the influence of big muscular effort practitioner, especially in a hot and humid environment inevitably limit the continuity of this effort.
Water loss Jasmi physical and salts by sweating during the implementation of a large muscular effort, especially in the hot and humid environment has a certain role in reducing the efficiency of muscle and speed up the emergence of muscular fatigue.
All of these factors lead to prevent the continuity of effort and muscular appearance of fatigue. Can on the other hand to show sensations muscle pain after several hours or several days of fatigue is unusual for muscle or group of muscles as a result of many factors sore aponeurosis muscular aponeurositis, or injury muscle fibers Boveat result of this effort, it can in some cases be associated with a المعص (cramping) muscle cramp as a result of fatigue or poor training, or to show more severe cases muscular Kaltmzk.
Measures in the treatment of muscular fatigue phenomenon
Can delay the onset of fatigue following a few guidelines that summarize, to:
1 eating sugary foods several days before the implementation of the exercise gravis, which increases the efficiency of muscle by increasing inventory of muscular glycogen.
2 Avoid sugary foods in the three hours preceding the exercise gravis because the insulin secreted under the influence of these foods, reduces the arrival of fatty acids into the blood and therefore to the muscles.
3 eating sugary solutions Kmhaleil glucose or fructose concentration of 2 to 2.5% just before the start of exercise gravis, as fluids can be dealt with in the course of long-lasting muscle exercises as cycling race.
4 not to exercise any major sporting effort when you go to a hot and humid environment only after two weeks, having completed the body cope with this environment to increase secretion of the hormone aldosterone, which reduces sweating in these circles.
5 non-exercise muscular effort among not well ventilated.
6 quitting because of this role in accelerating the emergence of muscular fatigue.
7 regular training and gradual intensity that improves sufficiently muscle as a result of the increasing number of myofibrils and increased content Alvesvajan and glycogen and fatty acids and enzymes responsible for the form of energy.
With regard to the measures adopted to address the phenomenon of fatigue can be summarized, to:
Not to exercise any additional severe muscular effort because it delays the demise of the phenomenon of fatigue.
Heating tired muscles improves muscle ischemia, thus facilitating clearance of the accumulated lactic acid, and restoration of its stockpile energy.
Compensation body of mineral salts lost by eating fruit juice.
Sugar consumption in relatively large quantities (If there is no satisfactory reason why so) for the restoration of muscle glycogen from inventory.
Fatigue patients
Fatigue may be the result of satisfactory reasons, including:
1 myasthenia gravis myasthenia gravis, which result from deficiencies in transport activation of the motor nerve to muscle supplied by the result of a defect in the acetylcholine receptors in the muscle fiber membrane level.
2 Addison's disease Addison disease, which is associated with deficiencies in the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone cortisol, which results from a defect in the organization together sugar in the blood, and in the stock hepatic of glycogen, and this is reflected negatively on the functionality of the muscles, and affects what appears in a case of fatigue when the disease.
3 enzymatic deficiency congenital congenital certain enzymes responsible for the development of the sugar in the body Kalvesfovr Ctouknz which cause not to bear a child with severe muscle exercises relatively.
4 Oz enzyme Fosforalaz glycogen in skeletal muscle: He is responsible for glycogen grapes in order to get power then either by oxidation aerobic or anaerobic and cause deficiency of this enzyme to poor carrying patients to exercise even moderate them despite the availability of glycogen in their muscles structural.
Use the word fatigue fatigue in several sciences, including medical science and minerals (which fails to handle the pressure of metal), and Psychology (and is the natural defensive reaction of the membership in order to maintain them).
Muscular fatigue muscular fatigueIs a state of exhaustion that follows pursuant stressful sports or exercise heavily, and raises the desire to rest and stop working. As can be the case back to satisfactory reasons.
Skeletal muscles account for about 40% of body weight, which is responsible for the various physical events (physical) carried out by an individual, a planned voluntary muscles. Activated these muscles mediated motor nerve fibers of the alpha a pattern supplied by them.
Consists skeletal muscle of a group of packages of muscle fibers, and include all package of muscle fibers, and each composed muscle fiber of several hundred small units called interfibrillar which include strings protein in the process of contraction are clues Almiosen (Aladilan) myosine and actin actin.
Inotropic mechanism
Inotropic according to the following stages:
1 Atfl motor nerve المعصب muscle under the influence usually will, and activation spreads along the nerve until the end supplied the muscle fibers.
2 secrete ends this material nerve chemical acetylcholine [t] which is a neurotransmitter.
3 linked molecules of acetylcholine on specific placements of membrane muscle fiber called receptors receptors, which leads to a result changes in the permeability of the membrane for ions ions resulting in changes in the polar membrane muscle fiber called hard act action potential, spreading action potential along the membrane muscle fiber, and also to the depth of the fiber to cause liberation of calcium ions from the network muscle Alhjulih, Vidhaaf so the concentration of these ions in the sarcoplasmic.
Figure (2) muscular Allyev in state of relaxation (a), in the case of contraction (b). Notes overlapping actin filaments (high horizontal) between threads Almiosen (relatively broad and horizontal container on short vertical lines), and noted the short distance between two successive linear Z in the case of contraction compared with the state of relaxation (resting state).
4 linked to calcium ions at specific positions in the actin filaments, Vtaatfl process of attracting the actin filaments between strings Almiosen Vtaatqasr so Myofibrellar, Valliv, then the whole muscle, This Altqasr requires (shrinking) energy received from the hydrolysis triphosphatase ATP
5 back calcium ions to the network Alhjulih muscle after a stop activating muscle, requires exchange amount of energy are also of hydrolysis triphosphatase, also dating polar membrane muscle fiber to a pre-activation goes back along the muscle fiber to normal any to state of relaxation .
Energy sources in skeletal muscle
Both contraction and relaxation Aledliyn are Msthlktan processes of energy, given that energy from several sources:
1 Alvesvajan: which includes:
Triphosphatase ATP which is the main source of energy in the muscle, which produces energy from Helmhth liberation and an adenosine diphosphate ADP. Stock can muscle triphosphatase to provide the muscle power for three seconds during the exercise gravis when adult.
Alvesvuken: who abandons his energy to reshape triphosphatase from adenosine diphosphate, and content can muscle Alvesvuken that meets the needs of the muscles of the energy for about six seconds during the implementation of severe muscular exercise.
2 anaerobic oxidation of glycogen: an estimated content of skeletal muscle glycogen at an average of 300 grams. These muscles to get the necessary energy to shrink and relax Aledliyn of glycogen without oxygen consumption, which is called oxidation anaerobic glycogen, a mechanism quick but yielding weak, and this mechanism can meet the needs of skeletal muscles for one minute during exercise gravis, but quickly stop as a result of the accumulation of metabolites resulting in a muscle lactic acid (lactic acid) Lactic acid.
3 aerobic oxidation of glycogen and fatty acids: extend this mechanism muscle power for a long period of time, which requires oxygen, and they have a high payoff compared with the anaerobic oxidation of glycogen (generator dextrose). Stock can muscle glycogen that meets the requirements of the skeletal muscles of power for four or five hours of exercise gravis and longevity, and ensure fat stores in the body to meet the needs of the body of energy needed for contraction and relax Aledliyn several weeks
Figure (3) the relative importance of anaerobic and aerobic oxidation of glycogen in the energy supply needed for athletic race depending on the distance of the race. Notes from the shape that anaerobic oxidation responsible for providing most of the energy needed for short distances (1500 meters), and the importance of aerobic oxidation of glycogen in the power supply shall ensure the longer race distances.
Vary the importance of energy sources mentioned above depending on the severity of exercise muscular practitioner and duration, in exercises fast that do not normally takes only a few seconds (Jerry 100 meters, jumped, lifting weights, diving) is here Alvesvajan power source president, while the post oxidation anaerobic glycogen in supply muscle power necessary for its mission in muscle exercises that you need about one minute. In exercises muscle which takes more time Vtkon post oxidation air of glycogen in the supply of energy for muscles indispensable, and can then run out of stock of muscle glycogen to rely muscles in order to get energy to oxidize fatty acids in order to continue its activity, also constitute a mechanism main source in access to energy during exercise muscular mild or moderate intensity. Can, in exceptional cases to resort muscles in order to get power to the oxidation of proteins and muscle after running out of energy sources any previous glycogen and fatty acids.
Noteworthy that Alvesvajan is primarily responsible for the energy supply necessary for very short-distance race (less than 400 meters).
Physiological mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon of fatigue and change the constants:
Confirmed the role of mechanisms physiological (functional) in a case of fatigue when exercising work overwrought or exercise muscle exhausted, and in principle can be any defect that occurs to the mechanisms inotropic from the moment of activation nerve المعصب muscle until the moment of sliding actin filaments between strings Almiosen (a Altqasr muscle) that causes a deficiency or a deficit in the functionality of the skeletal muscles, but the most important physiological mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon of fatigue are:
Accumulation of lactic acid as a result of oxidation anaerobic glycogen during exercise extreme, reduces this acid pH pH sarcoplasmic and discourage thus enzymes responsible for glycolysis glycolysis, and must in this case of ridding the body of this acid and be converting in the level of the liver to pyruvate and then to Glucose can be attributed to the muscles involved in building muscle glycogen. The body needs to get rid of the accumulated lactic acid to a period of time ranging from minutes to hours depending on the severity of muscular effort practitioner. Contribute acidosis acidosis resulting from low blood pH pH at the level of the brain in a feeling of fatigue.
Stock-outs muscle of glycogen: a glycogen source energy-president in the muscles, and lead depletion to the lack of a mechanism inotropic, and usually required for restoration stock muscle of glycogen after exercise muscular severe for about almost two days, knowing that together sugar in the blood fall also impact exercise strained.
Respiratory failure and respiratory failure to meet the needs of the growing body of oxygen during exercise or effort gravis, may be particularly at people is a major cause of limiting trainees from the continuation of this exercise.
High internal body temperature to 40 or a little more under the influence of big muscular effort practitioner, especially in a hot and humid environment inevitably limit the continuity of this effort.
Water loss Jasmi physical and salts by sweating during the implementation of a large muscular effort, especially in the hot and humid environment has a certain role in reducing the efficiency of muscle and speed up the emergence of muscular fatigue.
All of these factors lead to prevent the continuity of effort and muscular appearance of fatigue. Can on the other hand to show sensations muscle pain after several hours or several days of fatigue is unusual for muscle or group of muscles as a result of many factors sore aponeurosis muscular aponeurositis, or injury muscle fibers Boveat result of this effort, it can in some cases be associated with a المعص (cramping) muscle cramp as a result of fatigue or poor training, or to show more severe cases muscular Kaltmzk.
Measures in the treatment of muscular fatigue phenomenon
Can delay the onset of fatigue following a few guidelines that summarize, to:
1 eating sugary foods several days before the implementation of the exercise gravis, which increases the efficiency of muscle by increasing inventory of muscular glycogen.
2 Avoid sugary foods in the three hours preceding the exercise gravis because the insulin secreted under the influence of these foods, reduces the arrival of fatty acids into the blood and therefore to the muscles.
3 eating sugary solutions Kmhaleil glucose or fructose concentration of 2 to 2.5% just before the start of exercise gravis, as fluids can be dealt with in the course of long-lasting muscle exercises as cycling race.
4 not to exercise any major sporting effort when you go to a hot and humid environment only after two weeks, having completed the body cope with this environment to increase secretion of the hormone aldosterone, which reduces sweating in these circles.
5 non-exercise muscular effort among not well ventilated.
6 quitting because of this role in accelerating the emergence of muscular fatigue.
7 regular training and gradual intensity that improves sufficiently muscle as a result of the increasing number of myofibrils and increased content Alvesvajan and glycogen and fatty acids and enzymes responsible for the form of energy.
With regard to the measures adopted to address the phenomenon of fatigue can be summarized, to:
Not to exercise any additional severe muscular effort because it delays the demise of the phenomenon of fatigue.
Heating tired muscles improves muscle ischemia, thus facilitating clearance of the accumulated lactic acid, and restoration of its stockpile energy.
Compensation body of mineral salts lost by eating fruit juice.
Sugar consumption in relatively large quantities (If there is no satisfactory reason why so) for the restoration of muscle glycogen from inventory.
Fatigue patients
Fatigue may be the result of satisfactory reasons, including:
1 myasthenia gravis myasthenia gravis, which result from deficiencies in transport activation of the motor nerve to muscle supplied by the result of a defect in the acetylcholine receptors in the muscle fiber membrane level.
2 Addison's disease Addison disease, which is associated with deficiencies in the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone cortisol, which results from a defect in the organization together sugar in the blood, and in the stock hepatic of glycogen, and this is reflected negatively on the functionality of the muscles, and affects what appears in a case of fatigue when the disease.
3 enzymatic deficiency congenital congenital certain enzymes responsible for the development of the sugar in the body Kalvesfovr Ctouknz which cause not to bear a child with severe muscle exercises relatively.
4 Oz enzyme Fosforalaz glycogen in skeletal muscle: He is responsible for glycogen grapes in order to get power then either by oxidation aerobic or anaerobic and cause deficiency of this enzyme to poor carrying patients to exercise even moderate them despite the availability of glycogen in their muscles structural.
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