I like the study of physics a lot when summarized in brief phrases mysterious .. ambiguity quickly eliminated when the understanding ... The great ideas of science -14 .... Lose More .... gained more symmetry of the system!!

I like the study of physics a lot when summarized in brief phrases mysterious .. ambiguity quickly eliminated when the understanding ...
The great ideas of science -14 .... Lose More .... gained more symmetry of the system!!

Imagine with me a common school students of both sexes having fun in its own .. if Tejelnahm all in the same row, and each chapter also mixed .. when it comes time to enter Chapter .. may choose any group separation occupied

all symmetrical for students .. so they are not forced to a particular system

Now imagine that the school rulesGirls in the season .. and boys in separateAs they all are not in the same row

Now asymmetrical chapters for all students .. There rules forced everyone to be a system in the distribution of students

AnyWhen been missing symmetry in the school system, we have gained in the distribution system students

It is known that ice is a transitional phase for the water we get to it when cooling water temperature is less than the freezing temperature ... scientists have benefited from a matter of serious cooling in high-use semiconductors which do not constitute the movement of particles of matter any little resistance to the mainstream

In the thirties of the last century studied Russian physicist named Lev Landau issue material transitions ... and noted that in all transitions happen has symmetry in the system as a whole

Know Curie temperature as the temperature that happens then the material being transported from one state to another case ... Valmagnatis when temperature of 770 Celsius lose Magnatisath immediatelyThe magnets can be interpreted in the light of the theory of Landau as follows

Imagine a group of atoms have been arranged in an orderly flat .. and each atom magnetic field as in the picture ... based on the laws of thermodynamics such a level has to be up to the least amount of energy possible latent .. Ground State Energy ... and we consider short GSE ..

Will be the value of GSE as little as possible when two neighboring atoms indicate the same direction .. but it will send a signal to يجاورهم of atoms in the same order of their direction and so forth .. even entail atoms of the whole system in one direction .. but not up - down ... when heating system again atoms randomly distributed ... and completely lose their magnetism .. However cooling entail as in the right shape .. The magnetic value is highest.

Symmetry breaking continuouslySpontaneous Symmetry BrokenLandau felt that magnetism can be interpreted in the light of symmetry ... In the beginning, the image on the left, there was symmetry in the system .. or what scientists call the level of freedom .. Degree of Freedom .. means that the molecules are free to suggest any direction

But cooling below the critical temperature .. broken symmetry occurs .. so molecules are forced to ensue in one direction only ... and here at least symmetry in order and perhaps non-existent ... It's like a traffic signal bypassed in one direction only.

Simply ... when we lost symmetry ... we have gained more from the system

Because Alvezaaaan are always looking for what Iwrgahm and haunts others .. Landau wanted to calculate the value of the magnetic system and hypothetical as follows:

M = (N +-N_) / (N + + N

Without to Chgloa yourselves as much positive ... n is the number of points for the top .. and n is negative indicating downThis means that the value is the value of magnetic increase in atoms that indicates the highest level atoms of the system as a whole

Above the critical temperature there's no advantage in the direction of topHowever increasing the value of magnetic refrigeration until it reaches a maximum when all the atoms indicates the highest

And magnetic energyLandau put a formula to calculate the level of energy in a magnetic systemE = a0 + a1M + a2M ^ 2 + a3M ^ 3 .... etc

Then ignore the value of a0 it equals zero equals zero magneticAnd ignore the single-exponential values ​​because it gives opposite directions in the chart ... and also ignored all exponential values ​​above 4 ... where magnetic values ​​are too small to be ignored

Now devolved to the following equation:

M = alpha M ^ 2 + beta M ^ 4

Shape of the curve when the beta is negative - Picture 2


And this is unacceptable because it is not logical that the values ​​of the energy minimum negative value

The shape of the curve when both alpha and beta Mujben - Image 3


Had a negative alpha and beta .. we got positive on the following 4 Photos

Figure 4 where two levels GSE Unlike's 3 in which only one level where joining the x-coordinates and y


Any two images accurately?
In fact both true ... but the circumstances and only alpha value is changed ... Above the critical temperature magnetic = zero .. and the lowest energy level is when the value of alpha is positive ... but with cooling below the critical temperature value defined alpha negative, which is what brings us to the image 4


Mexican Hat
Circulate graph with magnetic energy in all directions, not in a single level Landau won something like a Mexican hat, as in the following figure

Physicist Peter Higgs quoted idea Landau formula matching fully
V = Alpha Fi ^ 2 + Beta Fi ^ 4


Of course Fi Symbol Latin ... important
Beta ... value that indicates the a collision between Gesamyin force nuclear
And Alpha .... value indicating the masses


At the beginning of the universe was the value Fi equal to zero in any part of the universe and the temperature of the universe is very high .. and the value of Alpha were positive ... So when GSE remains must be FI value equal to zero ... just as the value of the magnetic zero over critical degree (Landau model) .... and I suppose Landau with a lower temperature value Alpha I constantly ... but worth became negative ... and thus we got on the Mexican Hat ...

But Mexican Hat remains useless from the quantum point ... it does not reflect only massless objects only! ... That can have such a power curve even in the very beginnings of the universe


Where the mass came from, then?


Points A and B are the least energy in this quantum vacuum ... and a hat are running in the level of the blue circle known as بالذبذبات Quantity Quantum Fluctuation if the matter remained that way for energy originated remember .. Valfrag not make energy Ijmdha body mass ... but may hat happens to move Bndoleeh movement .. or drift toward the right or the left .. and the resulting freeze of energy exerted on the particle originated from the vacuum ... and we have to know that the energy expended too enormous to remain in the universe in the form of particle if even neutrino


This is Almikanezm what known as Higgs Bmikanezm or Gauge Boson Transformation ... any movement or vibration resulting in field Alheidz and the resulting mass of Neutral


It is noteworthy to mention here that the hat was all directions symmetrical for her ... but symmetry breaking (move the hat Bndoleea or move to the right or left) .... continuous symmetry breaking this since the origins of the universe is the secret of the emergence of nuclear particles below the level pinnacles